Care in the Administration of Anesthetic Agents in Patients with Cardiac Diseases: A Literature Review
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18925407Keywords:
Keywords: Anesthesia; Perioperative complications; Patients with heart disease;Abstract
Introduction: Anesthesia is essential for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures because it allows adequate pain control and provides better conditions for medical and surgical interventions. However, anesthetic agents may cause cardiovascular alterations such as hypotension, arrhythmias, and ischemic episodes, especially in patients with pre-existing heart disease or low hemodynamic reserve. In these cases, small variations in blood pressure or heart rate may increase perioperative risk. Therefore, careful preoperative evaluation and individualized anesthetic planning become essential to reduce complications and improve patient safety. Strategies such as appropriate selection of the anesthetic technique, preference for regional methods when indicated, hemodynamic monitoring, and strict control of comorbidities contribute to greater cardiovascular stability during procedures. Objective: To analyze the necessary precautions in the administration of anesthetics in patients with heart disease through an integrative review, identifying safe strategies from preoperative preparation to the recovery period. Methodology: An integrative review was conducted using the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and BVS databases, with descriptors related to anesthesia and heart disease. Results: The final sample included 15 studies addressing hemodynamic safety, risk factors, and measures to reduce complications. Conclusion: Anesthetic management in cardiac patients requires careful drug selection, continuous monitoring, and individualized approaches to improve perioperative outcomes.
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